| Solar panel | Photovoltaic module are components that change sunlight into electricity using PV cells. They are an green and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to convert heat, typically used for water heating or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or power generation. It is a renewable and renewable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the UK known for its rich cultural traditions, notable attractions, and bustling urban areas like the capital. It boasts a diverse scenery of undulating terrain, ancient castles, and busy metropolitan areas that combine history with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Daylight is the organic radiance emitted by the star, essential for living organisms on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electricity is a kind of power resulting from the motion of charged particles, primarily electrons. It fuels numerous devices and networks, supporting today’s lifestyle and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a reversed electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the one-way stream of electric charge, generally produced by battteries, power supplies, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, making it necessary for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A cell is a device that holds chemical energy and transforms it into electric power to operate various digital equipment. It consists of multiple galvanic cells, each containing positive and negative electrodes interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A photovoltaic system converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels made of solar cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy option that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that transforms DC generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for domestic use and utility connection. It plays a crucial role in maximizing energy efficiency and providing secure, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that flips polarity periodically, usually used in residential and business power supplies. It permits efficient transmission of electricity over great lengths and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that controls the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a device used to measure the extent, amount, or level of something accurately. It includes gadgets like meters, climate gauges, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement during the day, enhancing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar farms are large-scale installations that capture sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a sustainable and renewable energy power, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves setting up photovoltaic solar panels on building rooftops to generate electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated photovoltaic system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar panels that collect sunlight and convert it into electricity. This electricity is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home power storage systems save excess energy generated from renewable sources or the power grid for future use, boosting energy independence and effectiveness. These systems commonly employ batteries to provide backup power, reduce energy costs, and aid grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells tracks the development and advancements in solar energy technology from the beginning discovery of the solar effect to contemporary advanced solar arrays. It highlights key milestones, including the creation of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing advances that have greatly boosted energy transformation and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic physicist by profession famous for his pioneering work in the study of the solar effect and luminescence. His experiments laid the groundwork for grasping how illumination interacts with particular materials to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrician and scientist known for discovering the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the development of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an American inventor who created the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work laid the basis for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with finding the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work laid the foundation for modern photovoltaic technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious research and development organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and number 14, well known for its crucial role in the fabrication of electronics and solar cells. It is a hard, fragile crystal solid with a bluish-gray shine, predominantly employed as a semiconductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a compact device installed on each solar module to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This approach improves system effectiveness, enables improved performance monitoring, and boosts energy production in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar module is a component that turns sunlight straight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is commonly used in photovoltaic systems to supply a sustainable and renewable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon acts as a fundamental particle that represents a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It has a key role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials convert sunlight immediately into electricity through the generation of charge carriers. This phenomenon is the basic principle behind solar cell technology, facilitating the utilization of solar solar power for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a thin slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its organized, orderly crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar power system characterized by their light, bendable structure, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a reduced expense. They use layers of semiconductor materials just several micrometers in thickness to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and fixed equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as users, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are important considerations in building planning to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components end-to-end, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components between the same voltage source, permitting various paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electric power refers to the velocity at which electric power is conveyed by an electric circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. It is generated through diverse origins such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and green energy, and fundamental for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A unit of power is a standard of energy conversion in the International System of Units, showing the measure of energy movement or transformation. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electronic voltage difference between two points, which pushes the flow of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the work per unit charge available to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A volt is the base unit of electrical potential, electric potential difference, and voltage in the metric system. It measures the potential energy per coulomb between points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric flow is the passage of electricity through a conductor, typically measured in amperes. It is essential for energizing electronic devices and facilitating the functioning of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Amp serves as the unit of electric flow in the International System of Units, represented by A. It measures the movement of electric charge through a conductor over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the level of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the layout and size of power systems to ensure secure and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical enclosure used to protect wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a safe and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power provides a simple and consistent method of delivering electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is commonly used for powering and energizing a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) from inputs like batteries or solar panels into AC suitable for domestic gadgets. It enables the use of common electrical appliances in locations where only DC energy is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack serves as a collection of several individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically align the position of solar panels to track the sun movement throughout the daytime, enhancing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the performance of solar energy collection by ensuring ideal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to enhance the power generation of photovoltaic systems by continuously adjusting the operating point to correspond to the peak power point of the photovoltaic modules. This procedure ensures the best performance power harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually tailored optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that tracks and evaluates the performance of photovoltaic panel systems in live, delivering important data on power output and system status. It helps enhance solar energy generation by identifying problems ahead of time and guaranteeing optimal output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are lightweight, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Solar cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are frequently used in solar panels to generate electricity for homes, appliances, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of numerous small silicon crystal structures, commonly used in solar panels and chip fabrication. Its production involves liquefying and recrystallizing silicon to generate a pure, polycrystalline structure suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a premium form of silicon with a continuous crystal framework, making it highly efficient for use in solar panels and electronic devices. Its uniform framework allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in superior performance compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a kind of film solar technology that presents a affordable and effective alternative for massive solar energy generation. They are their excellent absorption capability and relatively low manufacturing expenses in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are laminate photovoltaic cells that use a layered compound of copper, indium, gallium, and Se to convert sunlight into energy efficiently. They are recognized for their excellent absorption performance, bendability, and potential for lightweight, cost-effective solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered atomic structure, making it more flexible and simpler to apply than ordered silicon. It is often used in thin-film solar cells and electronic components due to its affordability and versatile characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and innovative techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar cells are advanced photovoltaic devices that utilize several p-n connections layered together to capture a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, substantially boosting their efficiency. They are mostly applied in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that transform sunlight into electric power to power onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, robust, and built for efficient operation in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic element, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ optics or mirrors to focus sunlight onto very efficient multi-layer solar cells, significantly increasing energy conversion efficiency. This technology is suitable for large-scale solar power plants in areas with direct sunlight, providing a cost-effective approach for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and bendable form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CuInGaSe2 as the solar semiconductor, known for excellent energy conversion and bendability. They offer a lightweight, economical alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with reliable operation in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film describes a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological uses. These coatings are important in electronic devices, light manipulation, and coverings for their special physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a renewable and affordable energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a layer of substance covering tiny nanometric scales to several micrometers in depth, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These layers are used in multiple sectors, including electronics, optics, and healthcare, to alter surface properties or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nano units are measurement units equal to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to describe minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision devices used to precisely measure small distances or thicknesses, typically in machining and manufacturing. They feature a calibrated screw device that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a narrow, disk-shaped piece of silicon crystal used as the foundation for constructing semiconductor devices. It acts as the primary material in the production of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices recognized for their high efficiency and bendability, perfect for multiple fields. They use a multilayer layered semiconductor setup that transforms sunlight directly into power with remarkable performance in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is known for being cost-effective and having a moderately high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert solar energy directly into energy using PV cells, providing a renewable energy source for residential, business, and utility-scale applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that converts sunlight into power using a photosensitive dye to take in light and generate electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for transparent and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photoelectric devices that use organic materials, to convert sun's energy into electrical power. They are easy to handle, bendable, and provide more affordable, extensive solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising photovoltaic substance used in layer solar panels due to its abundant and harmless elements. Its favorable photo-electronic properties make it an desirable alternative for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of construction components, such as rooftops, outer walls, and windows. This modern approach enhances energy performance while maintaining design elegance and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material bearing minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to spread through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves the process of applying a thin film to the inside or outside of cars or structures glazing to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It improves privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of photovoltaic power stations overview various large-scale solar energy facilities around the planet, showcasing their power and locations. These plants function a crucial role in sustainable energy production and worldwide efforts to lower carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are extensive systems that transform sunlight straight into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of challenges such as pollution, climate change, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote green approaches and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably sourced, such as solar radiation, wind, and hydroelectric power. It offers a eco-friendly option to non-renewable energy sources, minimizing environmental impact and enhancing lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as lignite, petroleum, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over millions of years and are exhausted when used. They are the chief fuels for power production and mobility but pose ecological and environmental and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process typically occurs in electricity plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce power for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, poisonous elements such as Pb, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how effectively a photovoltaic device generates sunlight into convertible energy. Improving this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for maximizing renewable energy production and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This event provided significant indication for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves subjecting products to higher-than-normal stresses to rapidly assess their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of photovoltaics has quickened rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological progress and decreasing costs. This development is revolutionizing the global energy landscape by increasing the percentage of sustainable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a business scale, providing power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover vast areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a transparent component that bending light to focus or separate rays, forming images. It is frequently used in devices like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to control light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the angle between an approaching light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It controls how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a thin layer applied to lens surfaces to reduce glare and enhance light passage. It improves the sharpness and luminosity of lenses by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in such a way that their wave heights counteract each other, leading to a diminution or total eradication of the resultant waveform. This phenomenon typically happens when the waveforms are out of phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to a type of electrical flow that periodically reverses, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies following a sine wave as time progresses, allowing effective conveyance over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A microinverter is a miniature component used to convert DC from a individual solar panel into AC suitable for home applications. It enhances system performance by optimizing power output at the module level and streamlines installation and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or alternating current power, is electrical power delivered through a network where the voltage and electric current cyclically reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over long distances. It is generally used in residences and commercial sectors to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC connector is a type of electrical coupling used to provide direct current (DC) power from a energy source to an electronic device. It usually consists of a round plug and receptacle that guarantee a secure and dependable connection for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a global protection approval organization that tests and approves products to guarantee they adhere to certain safety standards. It assists consumers and businesses identify dependable and secure products through thorough assessment and analysis methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic networks in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this setup, the identical current passes through all parts, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple channels for current flow. This setup allows devices to operate separately, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode serves as a semiconductor device that permits current to move in a single sense exclusively, acting as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12 volt, created to supply electrical power for different devices and accessories inside of a automobile. It allows users to charge electronic devices or run small electronics during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting devices to PCs, allowing data transfer and power delivery. It accommodates a broad spectrum of devices such as keyboards, mouses, external storage, and mobile phones, with different revisions providing higher speeds and upgraded performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into usable energy. Improving this efficiency is essential to increasing energy production and making solar power more cost-effective and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance breakthroughs in solar power, wind power, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic waves, spanning from radio waves to gamma rays, featuring different wavelengths and power. This spectrum is essential for numerous technological applications and natural events, allowing communication, healthcare imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | UV light is a type of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It plays a key role in such as vitamin D production but can also result in skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color design based on variations of a single hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create balance and connexion. This layout approach emphasizes minimalism and grace by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per sq meter. It is a crucial parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a measurement unit used to quantify the intensity of energy or power received or emitted over a defined area, frequently in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in understanding the spread and movement of energy across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of various hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is frequently used to illustrate the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An air mass is a big body of atmosphere with relatively consistent thermal and dampness features, originating from particular source regions. These air masses influence weather patterns and sky situations as they travel over various regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar power is the quantification of the power per unit area received from the solar source in the manner of light. It changes with solar activity and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting weather patterns and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the collection of debris, and foreign matter on the exterior of solar arrays, which diminishes their performance. Consistent upkeep and servicing are necessary to limit energy loss and guarantee best efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when current flow is absent, spanning its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the highest electrical current that travels through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It creates a significant safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the peak power capacity of a solar module under optimal sunlight conditions. It reflects the module's peak potential to produce electricity in conventional testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electrical instrument used to check the electrical potential between two points in a circuit. It is commonly used in numerous electrical and electronic setups to verify proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in solar modules where increased voltage stress causes a notable reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion movement within the solar cell materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a metalloid element necessary for plant development and used in various industrial uses, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has unique chemical properties that make it useful in creating robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring perfect tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a stable and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using large arrays of photovoltaic panels to generate renewable electricity. It supplies an eco-friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated approach of using land for both solar power production and agriculture, optimizing space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while concurrently producing renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight on both sides, boosting overall energy production. They are typically mounted in a way that improves effectiveness by utilizing albedo effect and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a framework that provides shelter while creating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel system is a group of numerous solar modules designed to produce electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in sustainable power systems to deliver environmentally friendly, sustainable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio cover is a structure that delivers shade and shelter from the conditions for outdoor living spaces. It enhances the usability and aesthetic appeal of a patio, making it a pleasant space for relaxation and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of celestial entities in the sky relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference direction, usually true north, to the line connecting an observer to a point of interest. It is frequently used in wayfinding, surveying, and astronomy to indicate the orientation of an object relative to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic substance commonly employed in thin film solar cells due to its excellent performance and affordability. It exhibits superb optical properties, making it a preferred option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies showcases the leading manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are key in advancing solar energy integration and innovation across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A GW is a unit of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 W, used to measure large-scale electricity output and usage. It is generally associated with generating stations, electricity networks, and significant energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar is a worldwide leader in solar power solutions, expert in manufacturing thin-film solar panels that offer high efficiency and economical power output. The organization is committed to sustainable renewable energy advancement and cutting down the global dependence on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in effortlessly integrating various elements of factory and automated systems to improve efficiency and reliability. It focuses on building cutting-edge solutions that promote smooth communication and interoperability among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a leading Chinese company expert in the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic photovoltaic goods and services. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and sustainable energy initiatives within renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to one billion watts, often utilized to represent the capacity of massive electricity production or usage. It emphasizes the vast energy scale involved in modern power infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the effect where the unit cost reduces as overall production rises, due to gaining knowledge and improvements achieved over time. This effect highlights the importance of accumulated experience in reducing costs and improving productivity in production and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This method is a environmentally friendly, sustainable energy source that assists lessen reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of generating solar or wind energy is equal to or less than the price of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that green energy sources are cost-effectively viable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the standard electrical power supplied to homes and businesses through a grid of power lines, offering a consistent source of energy for numerous appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the region, and is transmitted through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all elements of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for guaranteeing the efficient and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Solar energy is harnessed from the sun's rays using solar cells to generate electricity or through solar thermal systems to provide warmth. It is a green, sustainable, and environmentally friendly source of power that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in home, corporate, and industrial environments to create renewable, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, delivering renewable energy solutions where standard power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A list of solar energy items features a selection of gadgets that capture sunlight to convert energy, supporting eco-friendly and sustainable living. These items include covering solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor tools, offering multi-purpose alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a installation that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a green energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics utilize lenses or mirrors focusing sunlight on high-performance solar cells, significantly increasing power output using a compact footprint. This method works well where bright, direct sunlight plus, it offers a promising approach to lowering expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
